GWAS Stories

GWAS Stories

Share this post

GWAS Stories
GWAS Stories
Evolution of a minimal cell
Copy link
Facebook
Email
Notes
More
User's avatar
Discover more from GWAS Stories
A newsletter on the latest advances in human genetics and drug discovery.
Over 2,000 subscribers
Already have an account? Sign in

Evolution of a minimal cell

A bacterial genome, trimmed down to the barest minimum required for survival, teaches us what is life.

Veera M. Rajagopal's avatar
Veera M. Rajagopal
Jan 12, 2024
12

Share this post

GWAS Stories
GWAS Stories
Evolution of a minimal cell
Copy link
Facebook
Email
Notes
More
2
Share

Happy Friday! As you wrap up your week, here is something to inspire and energize you to push through the last hours of work before unwinding into a relaxing weekend.

Today, from the Twitter archives, I picked an interesting story I wrote in July 2023 that unexpectedly went viral. The post reached >4 million views with >7000 reposts and >23000 likes—very unusual for a Twitter post on a scientific article to gather such attention.

Once in a while, I question myself if I am spending too much of my time on things that I am not well-qualified to do so and probably no one cares about. When that happens, I go back and revisit posts like the one below to remind myself that there are people around who care, enjoy, admire, and importantly, learn from things I write on the internet.

From the Twitter archives

Posted on Twitter in July 2023

A mind-blowing paper has come out today in Nature

In 2016, JC Venter Institute scientists trimmed a bacterial genome to its barest minimum required for life to synthesize what they called a "minimal genome".

Today, a group of scientists from Indiana University reports how that minimal genome evolved over 2000 generations in comparison to the non-minimal genome.

The authors found that even when you reduce a bacterial genome to its absolute minimum where every nucleotide matters, the genome undergoes mutational events generation after generation as much as the non-minimal genome. One simply cannot stop the evolution.

Just over 300 days of evolution (equivalent to 40,000 years in humans) the minimal cell has gained everything it lacked in fitness on day one in comparison to the non-minimal cell.

When comparing the evolved traits between the minimal and non-minimal cells, the scientists found something striking. The evolutionary process increased the cell size of non-minimal cells but not that of the minimal cell. But that is not the striking part.

The scientists were able to identify the key mutation that resulted in cell size evolution. And it turned out that the mutation that helped the non-minimal cells to grow bigger is the same that helped the minimal cells to stay smaller. Growing bigger had a survival advantage for non-minimal cells and not growing bigger had a survival advantage for minimal cells. So, the mutation had a context-dependent effect. This just demonstrates that the evolutionary effects on traits have no absolute direction. All that matters is what is beneficial for the organism's survival.

The conclusion of the paper is metaphorically a quote1 from the Jurassic Park movie:

“Listen, if there’s one thing the history of evolution has taught us is that life will not be contained. Life breaks free. It expands to new territories, and it crashes through barriers painfully, maybe even dangerously, but . . . life finds a way"

1

The idea of using the Jurassic Park quote is not mine. I borrowed it from a news article.


Subscribe to GWAS Stories

By Veera M. Rajagopal · Launched 3 years ago
A newsletter on the latest advances in human genetics and drug discovery.
Anna Starnawska's avatar
Alex's avatar
Mumbai || Paused's avatar
Thomas Reilly's avatar
Dan Crouch's avatar
12 Likes
12

Share this post

GWAS Stories
GWAS Stories
Evolution of a minimal cell
Copy link
Facebook
Email
Notes
More
2
Share

Discussion about this post

User's avatar
Anna Starnawska's avatar
Anna Starnawska
Jan 13, 2024

And this post comes at a time when needed the most!

Never doubt there are people out there who care, enjoy, and find deep inspiration from things you write. All I can say is: "Thank you" and "Please, never stop".

Expand full comment
Like (1)
Reply
Share
1 reply by Veera M. Rajagopal
1 more comment...
2023 roundup of human genetics
A brief look at the most exciting stories of 2023
Jan 1, 2024 â€¢ 
Veera M. Rajagopal
21

Share this post

GWAS Stories
GWAS Stories
2023 roundup of human genetics
Copy link
Facebook
Email
Notes
More
4
ASHG 2024 HIGHLIGHTS
Previewing Notable Talks and Posters
Nov 5, 2024 â€¢ 
Veera M. Rajagopal
16

Share this post

GWAS Stories
GWAS Stories
ASHG 2024 HIGHLIGHTS
Copy link
Facebook
Email
Notes
More
2
A noncoding RNA gene will solve genetic diagnoses for thousands
Whole genome sequencing discovers a small nuclear RNA gene RNU4-2 as one of the most frequent causes of neurodevelopmental disorders
Jul 13, 2024 â€¢ 
Veera M. Rajagopal
23

Share this post

GWAS Stories
GWAS Stories
A noncoding RNA gene will solve genetic diagnoses for thousands
Copy link
Facebook
Email
Notes
More
3

Ready for more?

© 2025 Veera M. Rajagopal
Privacy ∙ Terms ∙ Collection notice
Start writingGet the app
Substack is the home for great culture

Share

Copy link
Facebook
Email
Notes
More

Create your profile

User's avatar

Only paid subscribers can comment on this post

Already a paid subscriber? Sign in

Check your email

For your security, we need to re-authenticate you.

Click the link we sent to , or click here to sign in.